Nyuma y’akaga abanyarwanda benshi b’inzirakarengane, cyane abo mu bwoko bw’Abahutu, bahuye nako mu nkiko gacaca, mu nkiko mpuzamahanga nk’Urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda rufite ikicaro Arusha; na nubu abanyarwanda baracyajujubywa n’inkiko z’ibihugu bahungiyemo ku kagambane n’ubutegetsi bw’agatsiko ka FPR Inkotanyi, kakaba gakoresha inkiko nk’intwaro ikomeye yo gucecekesha abakanenga bose.
Nyuma y’imyaka 28 habaye Jenoside mu Rwanda, ariko agatsiko ka FPR Inkotanyi kakaba karasisibiranije kakayihindurira amazina kugeza ubwo kayise Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi; uwahoze ari Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Gikongoro Bwana Laurent Bucyibaruta, kuri uyu wa 12 Nyakanga 2022 yahamijwe icyaha cyo kuba icyitso mu ikorwa rya jenoside n’ibyaha byibasiye inyoko muntu (complicité de génocide et de crimes contre l’humanité), ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 20 n’Urukiko mpanabyaha rwa Paris (Cour d’assises de Paris).
Nk’uko tubikesha radio mpuzamahanga y’Abafaransa-RFI mu nkuru yayo yasohotse kuri uyu wa 12 Nyakanga 2022, Laurent Bucyibaruta, w’imyaka 78, waburanaga adafunze; yasohotse mu rukiko noneho acunzwe n’abajandarume bahita bamujyana muri gereza. Gusa yari yabanje kubona umwanya wo kuvugana n’abunganizi be hamwe n’abo mu muryango we ba hafi.
Laurent Bucyibaruta yaregwaga kugira uruhare mu itegurwa n’ikorwa rya jenoside, aho bivugwa ko yagize uruhare mu iyicwa ry’abatutsi bari bahungiye mu ishuri ryisumbuye rya Murambi, muri paruwasi ya Cyanika, iya Kaduha, mu ishuri ryisumbuye Marie Merci rya Kibeho, ndetse no kuri za bariyeri zitandukanye zari muri iyo perefegitura yari abereye Perefe. Ubushinjacyaha bwamuregaga bukaba bwari bwamusabiye gufungwa burundu.
Igitangaje ni uko Laurent Bucyibaruta yagizwe umwere ku ikorwa n’itegurwa ry’ibyaha bya Jenoside n’ibyaha byibasiye inyoko yabiregwaga, cyane cyane nk’ubwicanyi bwabereye muri gereza ya Gikongoro no muri paruwasi ya Kibeho. Kubera ko ubwo bwicanyi bwabaye mu by’ukuri mu ntangiriro ya jenoside, urukiko rwanzuye ko nta bimenyetso bigaragaza ko yaba yari azi umugambi wa jenoside n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryawo; ari nabyo bivuga ko atahamijwe icyaha cyo gutegura no gukora jenoside. Rukaba rwunze mu myanzuro ya TPIR/ICTR itarigeze yerekana koko uwateguye jenoside.
Ubwo yaburanaga bwa nyuma kuwa wa mbere tariki ya 11 Nyakanga 2022, we n’abunganizi be bakaba bari berekanye ko nta ruhare na ruto afite mu bwicanyi bwabaye, ndetse anagaragaza ko atigeze agira mu mutima we igitekerezo cyo kuba yarashoboraga no gutererana abashoboraga kwicwa, agaragaza akababaro yatewe n’ubwo bwicanyi, ndetse bakaba bari basabye abacamanza kurangwa n’ubutwari mu ifatwa ry’ibyemezo.
Nyamara bwa butwari bwo kurenga amarangamutima no kutemera gukoreshwa mu nyungu z’agatsiko kigaruriye ubutegetsi bw’u Rwanda, kakaba gakoresha Jenoside nk’intwaro kirimbuzi yo gucecekesha abashobora kukarwanya, abo bacamanza ubundi bakora nk’inkiko za rubanda, ntabwo bagize, ahubwo bumvira ka gatsiko, bamuhamya icyaha cyo kuba icyitso ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 20.
Laurent Bucyibaruta akaba yiyongereye ku bindi bitambo by’abanyarwanda, cyane abo mu bwoko bw’abahutu, bahanwe n’inkiko zaba izashyizweho n’agatsiko ka FPR-Inkotanyi (Gacaca), cyangwa se urwashyizweho ku kagambane na mpatsibihugu (TPIR-ICTR), yewe n’inkiko z’ibihugu byemeye kugwa muri uwo mutego.
Perefe Laurent Bucyibaruta yanyuze mu nzira y’umusaraba nk’abandi banyarwanda benshi
Laurent Bucyibaruta ubundi yavutse 1944, akaba yaravukiye muri perefegitura ya Gikongoro. Yagizwe Perefe w’iyo perefegitura kuwa 4 Nyakanga 1992, akomeza kuyiyobora kugeza muri Nyakanga 1994, aho kandi yari umuyoboke n’umwe mu bayobozi bakuru ba MRND muri perefegitura.
Muri Nyakanga 1994, Inkotanyi zimaze kwigarurira ubutegetsi, yahungiye mu cyahoze ari Zaire, ubu ikaba ari Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, aza gukomeza asaba anahabwa ubuhungiro mu Bufaransa 1997.
Mu bijyanye n’ibyaha yagiye ashinjwa kugiramo uruhare, byavugwaga ko yagize uruhare mu ikorwa rya jenoside yo muri 1994. Bivugwa ko mu kwezi k’Ukuboza 1993, yaba yarakoresheje inama mu isoko rya Gikongoro agasaba abaturage gukusanya umusanzu wo kugura intwaro zo kurwanya umwanzi ngo yitaga umututsi. Yagiye ashinjwa kandi n’ubutegetsi bw’agatsiko kuba yarahaga amabwiriza interahamwe gukora ubwicanyi butandukanye muri perefegitura yayoboraga. Yagiye ashinjwa by’umwihariko ubwicanyi bwabereye muri paruwasi ya Cyanika na Kaduha ku matariki ya 21 na 22 Mata 1994, ubwicanyi bwabereye muri gereza ya Gikongoro, hamwe n’ubwicanyi bwakozwe kuwa 7 Gicurasi 1994 mu ishuri ry’abakobwa rya Kibeho. Bagiye banamushinja kandi ko kuwa 10 Mata 1994 yaba yarashishikarije abatutsi benshi guhungira mu ishuri ryisumbuye ry’imyuga rya Murambi abizeza kuhabonera ifunguro n’ubundi bufasha, nyamara ngo bakaza kwicwa n’abajandarume kuwa 20 na 21 Mata 1994.
Kubera rero ibyo birego, yabaye mu banyarwanda bakurikiranywe na TPIR/ICTR kuko kuwa 16 Kamena 2005 yashyiriwe impapuro zimufata n’urwo rukiko, aho yaregwaga icyaha cya jenoside, kuba icyitso ku cyaha cya jenoside, gushishikariza mu ruhame gukora icyaha cya jenoside, hamwe n’ibyaha byibasiye inyoko muntu, birimo ibikorwa byo kurimbura abantu, kubica no kubafata ku ngufu. .
Kuwa 21 Kamena 2007, TPIR/ICTR yasohoye impapuro mpuzamahanga zo kumuta muri yombi, ndetse basaba Leta y’u Bufaransa kumufata. Kuwa 13 Kanama uwo mwaka TPIR yongeye gusohora izindi mpapuro zo kumufata. Byaje kugeraho ariko urubanza rwe rushyirwa mu bubasha bw’inkiko z’u Bufaransa ngo buzabe aribwo bumucira urubanza.
Ntabwo inkiko z’u Bufaransa zigeze zimuha guhumeka, yarahungeswe karahava.
Byatangiye kuwa 30 Gicurasi 2000 nyuma y’imyaka 3 aba mu Bufaransa, ubwo Laurent Bucyibaruta yatabwaga muri yombi n’Ubushinjacyaha bwa Troyes kubera ikirego cyari cyatanzwe mu Rukiko Rukuru rwa Paris kuwa 5 Mutarama 2000 n’ishyirahamwe Mpuzamahanga ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu (International Federation of Human rights-FIDH), hamwe n’urugaga ruharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu (League of Human Rights). Byatumye kuwa 6 Kamena 2000 afungwa ariko aza kujuririra icyo cyemezo bituma kuwa 20 Ukuboza 2000 arekurwa, ariko akomeza kubaho acungishijwe ijisho.
Aho urukiko mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda rwa Arusha rutangiye kumukurikirana, kuwa 12 Kamena 2007, umushinjacyaha mukuru wa TPIR/ICTR yasabye ko imanza za Laurent Bucyibaruta na Padiri Wenceslas Munyeshyaka babaga mu Bufaransa, zaburanishwa n’inkiko z’icyo gihugu.
Hashingiwe rero ku rupapuro mpuzamahanga rwo kuwa 21 Kamena 2007 rwari rwatanzwe na TRIR/ICTR rusaba u Bufaransa kumufata, mu gihe hari hategerejwe icyemezo cy’urugereko rwa mbere rwa TPIR mu kwemeza niba yakoherezwa mu Rwanda, byatumye nyine atabwa muri yombi kuwa 20 Nyakanga 2007 na Polisi ya Reim aho yari atuye muri Saint-André-des-Vergers mu gace k’aho yari amaze imyaka isaga 4. Muri uko kwezi, Minisitiri w’ubutabera w’u Bufaransa yaje kwemeza amasezerano y’igihugu cye na TPIR yo gufata no kuburanisha amadosiye ya Perefe Laurent Bucyibaruta na Padiri Wenceslas Munyeshykaya.
Nyuma yo gufatwa agafungwa kuwa 20 Nyakanga 2007, urugereko rw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwa Paris rwahise rufata icyemezo cyo guhita abo bagabo bombi rubarekura, bakurikiranwa badafunze, rushingiye ko urupapuro mpuzamahanga rwo kubafata rwatanzwe na TPIR rutasobanuraga bihagije icyo baregwa, ndetse rukaba rwaranyuranyaga n’amahame y’ubutabera bw’u Bufaransa cyane irivuga ko umuntu afatwa nk’umwere igihe cyose atarahamwa n’icyaha (principle of presumption of innocence).
Icyo gihe Ubushinjacyaha ntibwajuririye icyo cyemezo bituma abari bakurikiranywe bakomeza kubaho badafunze, ariko bacungishijwe ijisho n’inkiko zo mu Bufaransa, cyane ko hari haratangiye imanza zibareba. Nyuma nibwo 13 Kanama 2007, TPIR/ICTR yongeye gusohora urwandiko rwa kabiri rubafatisha, noneho rukozwe mu buryo butandukanye n’ubwa mbere; rukaba rwarasabaga ko boherezwa Arusha mu rugereko rwa mbere, kugeza igihe urwo rugereko ruzafatira icyemezo. Kuri ubu busabe, ubutegetsi bw’u Bufaransa bukaba bwarahakanye kubohereza, ahubwo kuwa 5 Nzeli 2007 bwongera kubata muri yombi.
Byatumye kuwa 26 Nzeli 2007, Urukiko rw’ubujurire rwa Paris rusaba TPIR amakuru y’inyongera kuri dosiye bari bohererejwe kuko batashoboraga gusuzuma ibijyanye n’uko abakurikiranywe bashobora koherezwa mu Rwanda, hashingiwe gusa ku makuru bari bafite adafatika. Aho gutanga ayo makuru, TPIR yaje kuwa 20 Ugushyingo 2007 kwisubiraho kuri ubwo busabe bw’uko bakoherezwa mu Rwanda iharira izo dosiye mu bubasha bw’inkiko z’u Bufaransa.
Kuwa 9 Gicurasi 2017 umucamanza wo mu rukiko rw’i Paris yashoje amaperereza yose y’ibanze kuri izo dosiye. Byatumye rero kuwa 4 Ukwakira 2018 Ubushinjacyaha butanga ikirego mu rukiko rwa Paris burega Laurent Bucyibaruta ibyaha bya jenoside n’ibyaha byibasiye inyoko muntu, maze kuwa 24 Ukuboza 2018, umucamanza w’urwo rukiko yohereza urwo rubanza mu rukiko mpanabyaha rwa Paris (Cour d’Assises de Paris).
Icyi cyemezo cyo kohereza urubanza rwe muri uru rukiko, Laurent Bucyibaruta yaje guhita akijuririra, muri 2019, maze kuwa 7 Ukwakira 2020 Urukiko rw’ubujurire rwa Paris rusuzuma ubwo bujurire hamwe n’ubwatanzwe n’uruhande ruregera indishyi, ariko urwo rukiko rwemeza ko urubanza ruhaguma, nyamara ruhindura inyito za bimwe byaha yaregwaga, rugira n’ibindi rwongeramo. Kuva kuwa 9 Gicurasi kugeza kuwa 11 Nyakanga 2022 muri urwo rukiko habereye amaburanisha ari nayo urwo rukiko rwashingiyeho rumumya icyaha cyo kuba icyitso mu ikorwa rya jenoside n’ibyaha byibasiye inyoko muntu, ariko ntirwamuhamya kuyitegura no kuyikora. Byatumye rero ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 20.
Ese koko Perefe Laurent Bukibaruta yari akwiye guhanirwa koko ibi byaha, kandi hatagaragara uwabiteguye?
Icyi kibazo kibazwa n’abantu benshi bakunda ukuri kandi banga urunuka akarengane. Uyu musaza uzira mu by’ukuri ko yabaye mu butegetsi bwa MRND, akaba injijuke y’umuhutu, aje yiyongera ku rutonde rurerure rw’abahizwe buhongo hirya no hino ku isi, bagahungetwa, bakicwa, bakaburirwa irengero, abandi bakimwa ubuhungiro nk’aho atari ibiremwa muntu.
Urukiko rwafashe icyemezo cyo kumuhamya icyaha, si urukiko rwari rugizwe n’abanyamategeko b’umwuga bashoboraga gusesengura ibimenyetso bitandukanye bakabihuza n’amategeko. Si abacamanza bashoboboraga kwemera no kwakira ubuhamya bwa Dr Jean Damascene Bizimana, akaba na Minisitiri w’agatsiko ngo w’ubumwe, wihandagaje ko yiciwe abantu 84, bamubaza amazi ntashobore no kuvuga 10, ndetse banamubaza uko yabimenye akarya indimi; cyane ko aya mahano anaba yari yibereye i Paris mu mashuri, abandi bari ku muruho no mu mibirogo, none niwe wigize umutangabuhamya w’agatangaza. Yitegure ko kuba umugaragu w’ikinyoma no kwihakana Imana akaramya FPR, bigira ingaruka kandi ko azabibazwa.
Kubera rero ubwo buryo bw’imicire y’imanza imeze nka Gacaca yaranzwe n’amarangamutima, bituma hari abarengana bazira itekinika rihanitse rya FPR inkotanyi n’abambari bayo barimo na ya miryango ituka amazina ngo iraharanira uburenganzira bw’ikiremwa muntu yiganjemo abanyamahanga bafitanye inyungu za hafi n’abambari b’agatsiko cyangwa se bashyingiranywe.
Turizera ko ubucamanza bw’u Bufaransa dusanzwe tuziho kutabogama, buzashishoza mu rwego rw’ubujurire bugasanga ko, nk’uko mu rubanza rw’umunyamakuru Natacha Polony rwaciwe kuwa 20 Gicurasi 2022, abigira abahohotewe, aribo FPR Inkotanyi, zari ingegera (les salauds) hamwe n’interahamwe, bamaraniraga ubutegetsi, ndetse bakaba barabugezeho bakicaza amabuno yombi, nyuma y’imivu y’amaraso y’ibitambo by’abatutsi n’abahutu b’inzirakarengane batikiye; none abatsinzwe, ari nabo bagombye kuba bakwiye kurengerwa, bakaba aribo bahigwa nk’inyamaswa ku isi amahanga arebera.
Ni irihe somo abanyarwanda dukwiye gukura muri izi manza?
Abanyarwanda cyane cyane impunzi zatataniye mu bihugu bitandukanye, bakwiye kumenya ko mu ntwaro kirimbuzi FPR yubakiyeho ari ugukoresha inkiko, zaba izo mu gihugu cyangwa izo hanze. Ibigeraho itegura ibyaha bikanganye kandi bikora ku marangamutima y’ikiremwamuntu nk’icyaha cya jenoside, gufata ku ngufu, n’ibindi.
FPR Inkotanyi izi neza ko imanza ari uburyo bwiza bwo guhungeta, kujujubya no gucecekesha umuhutu, cyangwa umututsi wese w’injijuke wayihunze, cyangwa uri mu gihugu, ushobora kuyibaza amabi ikora. Niyo mpamvu yamize ubutabera bwo mu Rwanda ibuhindura umunwa w’imbunda itunga uyirebye ikijisho wese. Hanze y’igihugu, ikoresha imiryango yiyita ko irengera uburenganzira bwa muntu yahimbye hirya no hino, harimo IBUKA, igakoresha ruswa zo mu bwoko bwose; maze ikohereza abakozi bayo guhimba ibirego, kwifashisha iyo miryango, bityo bakarega uwo babona wese wazamura umutwe.
Bazi neza ko iyo bakugeretseho ibyaha harimo n’icya kabutindi cya jenoside kabone n’ubwo waba utari wavuka cyangwa utari mu gihugu, utakaza akazi wari ufite, ugakeneshwa kubera abavoka, bigutesha umutwe ugahungabana, maze aho gutekereza icyakorwa ngo abanyarwanda bisuganye bafatanye kuvudukana agatsiko; ugahugira mu gutegura imanza no kuziburana, bityo bigatindahaza uwo bibasiye kakahava. Siniriwe mvuga ihungabana rikurikiraho ariryo ryo kwihisha ngo batabona abagukomokaho cyangwa se ibyo utunze.
Ubu buryo bw’intwaro y’imanza bwagize kandi bukomeje kugira umumaro agatsiko, cyane mu bihugu by’i Burayi (Ubufaransa, Ubuhorandi, Ububirigi, Suwede, Danemariki, Ubudage, n’ahandi). Nyamara ibi babikora, ku banyarwanda b’inzira akarengane bahimbirwa ibyaha; iruhande rwabo hicaye inkoramaraso za FPR Inkotanyi zasize zirikoroje mu bwicanyi bwabaye hirya no hino mu gihugu.
Birakwiye ko abanyarwanda natwe dushiruka ubwoba, tugatangira kwirengera, tukavuga ayo mabi yose; noneho tudahimba nk’uko babikora, ahubwo turega mu nkiko zitwegereye abicanyi ba FPR inkotanyi duturanye, tubana, dukorana. Abo nyine nibo bifashishwa mu kuduhungeta no gutanga amakuru yose atwerekeyeho ngo agatsiko kabone uko kaduhungeta.
Birakwiye ko dutinyuka tugashyira hanze iyo migambi mibisha itegurirwa muri za ambasade z’u Rwanda. Iyo migambi ikaba ari iyo guhimbira ibyaha inzirakarengane no kubabuza amahwemo ngo batazigera batuza bagatekereza ku kaga agatsiko k’abavantara babashyizemo, bakamaganwa hamwe n’abambari babo b’abazungu. Birakwiye ko tunahagurukira aba bambari babo basangiye inyungu, bakabazwa imyitwarire yabo yo gutoteza abanyarwanda b’impunzi cyane abo mu bwoko bw’abahutu, kandi iyo myitwarire ikaba igize ibyaha byo gutoteza abantu kubera indonki.
Nk’uko abakuru babivuga, ihame ryo kwirengera nyabyo ni ugusingira ukugarije ukamujujubya ( la meilleure défense c’est l’attaque). Ibi nibyo Inkotanyi zakoze kandi zigikomeje gukora. Ese niba tumaze kumenya ubwo buryo uduhiga ushaka kuturimburana n’imizi akoresha, ni kuki tutamugerera mu kebo nawe atugereramo cyane ko ari uburenganzira ntayegayezwa kwirengera? Niba bitabaye ibyo, iyo ntwaro izakomeza kandi igende itwara abantu buhoro buhoro, maze ingirakamaro zidushiremo, tuzasigare turi wa mukumbi utagira Umwungeri.
Ni muri urwo rwego Guverinoma y’u Rwanda ikorera mu buhungiro yashyizeho Minisiteri y’Ubutabera, n’izindi nzego zabafasha kwisuganya. Tukaba duhamagarira imiryango yigenga, amashyirahamwe n’abantu ku giti cyabo ko bakwiye kuyigana bakigira hamwe uko bategura kwirengera mu rwego rw’ubutabera, no guhagarika ubu buryo bwo gukoresha inkiko mu nyungu za politike.
Tugomba kandi kumenya ko akundi kaza imvura ihise, kandi ya myumvire ko umuzungu abirimo, hari amakiriro tumutezeho nta shingiro ifite. Abo bose ni abahashyi, kandi barya iby’indangare n’abagambanyi. Icyo baturusha ni uko bo bashyira hamwe, bakarindana, ariko twe abanyarwanda n’abirabura muri rusange tugashihana, aho kumenya ko uduhiga ari umwe, kandi akoresha intwaro zose ngo turimbuke.
Nitwumva izi mpanuro, tukumva neza ibyo tubona cyangwa twumvisha amatwi yacu, tugacana ku maso, tugasoma ibihe n’amateka, nta kabuza tuzipakurura ingoyi y’ubwoba n’ihungabana, maze duhagurukire hamwe duharanire uburenganzira n’ubutabera byacu.
Intego ni yayindi kwishyira hamwe, guhaguruka dushikamye tukarwanya akarengane (RESISTENCE), maze tukibohora ingoyi y’uwigaruriye u Rwanda n’abanyarwanda. Ntawundi ubitubereyemo, uruhare ni urwa buri wese mu bushobozi Imana yamuhaye.
Umwanditsi
Innocent NIRINGIYIMANA